Compared to present times, when most of us can access geographical data from personal computers, or visualise the shape, features and a significant amount of details of the Earth, the ancient, the medieval and the modern man did not have these types of resources, but only limited knowledge about the geography of certain regions. At the end of the 15th century, in searching for a shorter route to the Orient, Christopher Columbus reached the Americas. What an inspiring idea, to circle the Earth from west to east, towards the Orient, but what an innocent level of knowledge about the Earth, its continents, and its geography! In his unequalled military campaigns, Alexander the Great has travelled and fought, and created new cities in areas never reached before by any Greek. The powerful Roman army has neutralised each and every natural obstacle encountered, from Gallia to Dacia and northern Africa, building tens of thousands of Roman miles of paved roads, hundreds of outstanding bridges across large, mighty rivers all over the Empire. But one should know that they never pictured or imagined the vast extent of today’s Russia or China or other areas that were remote to them. Therefore, we should be aware of their limited geographical knowledge too. (From the „Introduction”)